My Trip to the Grocery Store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Trip to the Grocery Store - Essay Example On a hot summer’s day with the sun beating down on us, I was taken out to do some shopping with my mom. â€Å"Yes,† I responded, as my mother broke the news to me that we would be going to the most popular grocery store in Ahmadi City: the Sultan Center. This was located in Alshuwaikh and was some way out of the city. Although it took a long time to get there, this was quite a regular trip for me because I always enjoyed helping choose the food that would tie us over for the next week. As I had no concept of money at that stage in my life, I would pick up anything that took my fancy and places it in the shopping cart as fast as I could. To try and hide this from my mom, I would strategically place something else on top of it so that she would not notice anything suspicious. On this occasion, I wanted to find some chocolate. I loved chocolate! However, chocolate was not in its usual place. This was very confusing for me because it had always been in that one particular p lace without fail. Without giving it any thought at all, I was determined to set upon a mission to track down my beloved chocolate. I waited until the opportune moment—when my mother wasn’t looking—so that I could creep away as a spy would.   Very soon I had stumbled upon the candy aisle and began scanning the shelves for my beloved chocolate. After spending a couple of minutes looking, I was surprised to not be able to find what I was looking for. This had me really puzzled. Where could it be if not the candy aisle? I decided that the store must have been hiding it from me and so I continued my search for my prize. By this time, I realized that I had completely forgotten about my mom—she must have been worried sick. It was at this thought that a loud siren rang out over the intercom; although I could not comprehend what was being said. By now I had covered most of the store and could still not find the chocolate that I was looking for. My little legs were so tired from all the walking and crawling all over the store, so I sat down right where I was. All of the sudden the thought occurred to me that I had done a terrible thing—would I ever find my way back to my mom? I didn’t know what to do, so I be gan bawling my eyes out. It didn’t take long for a staff attendant to come over to me to see what the problem was. â€Å"What seems to be the matter,† they remarked. I communicated that I was lost and could not find my way back to my mother. The tall, blonde woman took the biscuits out of my hand and grabbed my hand. She reassured me that she would be taking me to a safe place where my mother would be able to find me. I climbed up the stairs and was placed on a chair in an office. This brought back memories of my trip to the dentist. At the thought of this, my tear started to flow. This was like my worst nightmare!

Detective stories Essay Example for Free

Detective stories Essay The Sherlock Holmes stories are the work of Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes first appeared in the story The Study of Scarlet, which was published in the magazine Beetons Christmas Annual of 1887. Over the 40 years that followed Holmes appeared in 5 collections of short stories, and 3 other novels. Holmes popularity was partly due to the fact that his books were the detective fiction books ever to be published. These books are still read today all over the world, because of the brilliant way in which they are written. The Sherlock Holmes books are written from the point of view of his sidekick Watson. Many modern day detective fiction books and television programmes follow the pattern of a detective and sidekick. The stories of Sherlock Holmes caused him to become a national hero. In all the Sherlock Holmes stories we are given a detailed description of what he looks like, that is a tall gaunt person with long thin legs, a thin hawk like nose a square chin, and of course a pipe and deerstalker hat. The first story I read of Sherlock Holmes was The Red Headed League. In this story the reader is immedietely introduced to problematic situation, where a pawnbroker has come for advice. The pawnbroker goes on to tell Holmes and Watson his situation. Whilst the man is in the company of Holmes, Holmes begins to deduce things from just looking at the ware and tare of the mans body and clothes. From a very early point in the story we begin to see characteristics in Holmes, such as habits when he id thinking, relapsing into his armchair, and putting his finger-tips together, as was his custom when in judicial moods. I was are given the impression that Holmes is the type of person who tries to treat people with respect, but his tolerance level for people who are not as intellectual as him is very low. Holmes becomes agitated at peoples incompetence to understand his complex ideas. I think Holmes pretends to expect every one to be as clever as him to make him look more intelligent and therefore superior. So in that respect I see Holmes as quite an ignorant person. However he does not treat Watson this way, I think he treats Watson more like a younger brother. I think that Holmes would like Watson to be like Holmes. From he Red Headed League we can see that Holmes has a short temper, for example when he is in the cellar of the bank and Mr. Merryweather struck rather loudly his stick upon the flags which lined the floor, I must really ask you to be a little more quiet You have already imperilled the whole of our expedition.

Identification of Unknown Macromolecule

Identification of Unknown Macromolecule Heike Behr Aim The purpose of this lab was to use the scientific method to identify an unknown solution, based on the reactions (i.e. color changes) of known solutions with indicator solutions. These known solutions contained different types of macromolecules. Each type of macromolecule reacted with at least one indicator solution in a unique way, which allowed us to identify the macromolecule based upon the presence or absence of a color change. The hypothesis is that protein will have a positive reaction with Biuret reagent, changing the color to violet. Starch will have a positive reaction when treated with the iodine solution, changing the color to blackish-blue. Lipids will show a positive reaction when coming in contact with Sudan III, changing the color to red-orange. Vitamin C will diminish the color of iodine when it is positive for presence of ascorbic acid. General Background Macromolecules can be divided into four classes; carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. These molecules are all considered to be organic molecules, because they consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphate and nitrogen elements. Macromolecules have different building blocks to form carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. These building blocks are amino acids, monosaccharaides, nucleotides, fatty acids and glycerol. The water will be used as a control, to see if there are any false positive reactions during our experiment. The water will also show us what the most natural response is for each of the indicators. Water will also serve as a great way to compare color changes, since everything that looks the same as the water will be negative. Proteins are one of the components of macromolecules and are very important in different biological processes. They are catalysts and are capable of transporting and storing molecules throughout the body. Proteins are build up out of several amino acids bound together by peptide bonds. The function of a protein depends primarily on its 3D structure. Common foods that contain proteins are milk, eggs, meat and cheese. Lipids are another form of macromolecules. These molecules are non-polar molecules and non-soluble in water. Lipids consist of two parts, a glycerol and a fatty acid tail. Lipids have large stores of energy that are released when the molecule is oxidized. Lipids come in different types, such as waxes, oils and certain vitamins. Common foods that contain lipids are any oils such as olive oil or grape seed oil and butter. Starch is a carbohydrate that is not found in humans, but in plants. It consists of multiple Glucose molecules bound to each other by Glycosidic bonds. Common foods that contain carbohydrates are potatoes and bread. Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid and is an antioxidant. This vitamin is soluble in water and plays an important role in growth and repair of the bodies tissues. The most common foods that contain Vitamin C are citrus fruit. Focused Background Iodine test is the most common test for detecting the presence of starch. If the substance that is being tested has starch present, then there will be a change in the color to a blackish-bluish liquid. The best method for testing proteins will be the Biuret test. This test can also determine whether there are peptide bonds in the protein. A positive result for proteins will show a color change from a blue to a light purple. If there are peptide bonds present, the color will be a much darker purple. If Biuret can’t be used, Fehling’s Solutions A and B and Sodium hydroxide and copper (II) sulphate solutions can be used. The test that best shows the presence of lipids is the Sudan III test. Sudan III is a fat-soluble compound that will cause the color of the solution with lipids present to change to red. An easier test to preform is using a brown paper bag, lipids are fats, thus on a brown paper bag it will leave â€Å"greasy†, translucent stains. Another test for testing the presence of lipids is an Emulsion test The main test for Vitamin C is adding drop for drop the Vitamin C solution to Indophenol solution. If the dark blue color of the Indophenol solution becomes colorless, then the suspected solution does indeed contain Vitamin C. In our experiment, we will use the Iodine solution to test for the presence of Vitamin C, because it follows the same principles that Indophenol does. Method Testing with Iodine solution: Clean all your test tubes thoroughly with ethanol and then rinse them with distilled water. Label each test tube as water, protein, starch, lipid, vitamin C and unknown. Add 3ml of each of the macromolecules to the correct test tube, except Vitamin C. Add 2-5 drops of the Iodine solution to each of the test tubes, except Vitamin C. Add 3ml of the Iodine solution to the test tube marked as Vitamin C. Drop wise, add Vitamin C to the test tube until the color changes. Mix the contents well. Note any color changes. Testing with Biuret reagent: Clean all your test tubes thoroughly with ethanol and then rinse them with distilled water. Label each test tube as water, protein, starch, lipid, vitamin C and unknown. Add 3ml of each of the macromolecules to the correct test tube. Add 2-5 drops of the Biuret reagent to each of the test tubes. Mix the contents well. Note any color changes. Testing with Sudan III reagent: Clean all your test tubes thoroughly with ethanol and then rinse them with distilled water. Label each test tube as water, protein, starch, lipid, vitamin C and unknown. Add 3ml of each of the macromolecules to the correct test tube. Add 2-5 drops of the Sudan III reagent to each test tube. Mix the contents well. Note any color changes. Materials Apparatus used: Test tubes for containing the solutions. Test tube rack to keep all test tubes organized. Pipet will make the transfer of different liquids easier and the measuring there of. A piece of white paper will make it easier to determine whether a color change has taken place. Safety goggles to protect your eyes from any harmful reagents. A white lab coat to protect your skin from any harmful reagents. Chemical Compounds: Distilled Water – used for rinsing test tubes and making the control solutions Ethanol – to clean the test tubes Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Protein Glucose Lipid Unknown substance Iodine solution – used for testing starches Sudan III solution – used for testing lipids Biuret Copper sulfate solution – used for testing proteins Format Table 1 Content Water was used as the representative to show the natural change that will take place when the different solutions were added. The protein had no different effect than that of the water when Iodine and the Sudan III was added, thus we can assume it to be negative. When it reacted with the Biuret solution, it yielded a different reaction than water did, it changed to a dark purple, resulting in a positive reaction, the hypothesis was correct. Starch showed no different changes than water with the Sudan III and Biuret test, thus we assume it to be negative. While with the Iodine test, it changed color to a dark black-blue color, as indicated by the hypothesis. This color change indicates a positive reaction to iodine, meaning that there is starch present in our compound. The suspected lipids solution showed a changed in color when Sudan III was added to it. This solution changed to a red color, thus there were lipids present. The other two tests, Iodine and Biuret tests didn’t yield any changes that differed from the results obtained from water. This test proved the hypothesis was correct. When testing for Vitamin C, the iodine solution proved that there was Vitamin C present because it turned the dark blue Iodine solution colorless. The other two tests, Sudan II and Biuret test show no difference from the water control subjects. The results from this test was as expected from the hypothesis. The Unknown substance only showed a positive response when tested with the Iodine test, leading me to believe that it is some kind of carbohydrate compound and possibly starch. The Sudan III test was negative and so was the Biuret test. Interpretation of results Protein: The protein solution reacted with the biuret reagent to show a change in color to a dark purple. This means that there was indeed peptide bonds present in the solution. The Biuret reagent has both KOH (potassium hydroxide) and CuSOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ (copper sulfate). The solution’s pH is raised to an alkaline by the KOH, which is important for CuSOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ to react. Cuà ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ² react with nitrogen atoms present in peptide bonds to form a complex. The CuSOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ solution is usually a blue solution, but when the Cuà ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ² react with the nitrogen atoms to form the complex, the blue changes to violet, sometimes dark purple color. Starch: The starch reacted with the iodine solution to bring forth a blackish-blue change in color. This color change is attributed to the iodine and iodide ions reacting with each other and bond, forming a triodide ion. The iodine, which is a ligand, fits into the space created by the hundreds and thousands of simple sugar molecules such as Glucose that makes up the structure of starch. The color change to black is associated with the absence of light, since iodine absorbs all the light wavelengths. Lipids: The lipid solution reacted with the Sudan III reagent to change its color to an orange-red solution. Lipids are triglycerides, and have an oily appearance. Sudan III is a dye that is lipid soluble; it is also non-polar and will react with hydrocarbon chains in the lipids to form hydrophobic interactions. Vitamin C: Vitamin C reacted with the iodine solution to diminish the blackish-blue color of iodine to form an almost colorless, but milky solution. This is accounted for because when these two solutions react with each other, they are no longer what they started out as. During this reaction, these two are mixed together, the ascorbic acid losses its electrons to iodine, meaning that this reaction is a redox reaction. Ascorbic acid will be the one being oxidized while iodine is reduced. Ascorbic acid forms dehydroascorbic acid and iodine forms iodide ions. Unknown: The unknown solution reacted with the iodine indicator to form a blackish-blue solution. The only known solution which reacted with iodine to form a solution of that color was starch. Although these colors don’t match up perfectly, they are the closest match. The difference in color between the starch solution and the Unknown solution could be explained by a difference in concentration between the two solutions. This difference in concentration could have resulted if the solutions weren’t both well shaken, since starch can settle out of solution. Broader implications of results Biuret test: This test is used for detecting the presence of proteins in a solution. When there are proteins present, the mixture of our suspected solution and the Biuret reagent will undergo a color change to violet. This indicates the presence of peptide bonds in the protein solution. I did achieve this by proving that our suspected protein solution did indeed contain peptide bonds present in proteins when it changed color to violet. Iodine test: Iodine can be used to detect the presence of both starch and vitamin C. When testing for starch, a positive test will be indicated by a change in color from colorless starch to a blackish-blue solution after the addition of iodine. Our suspected starch solution did test positive for starch when its color changed to blackish-blue. When testing for the vitamin C, small amounts of vitamin C was added to the iodine solution, this determines whether or not a redox reaction will take place to transfer vitamin C electrons to the iodine. This was proved to be correct when the addition of vitamin C to the iodine eliminated the blackish-blue color of the indicator. Sudan III test: Sudan III is a lipid soluble reagent that is used to stain triglycerides. This is used to detect the presence of lipids. Both lipids and Sudan III are non-polar and react with each other to have a hydrophobic interaction, and a color change is present when the suspected solution contains lipids. The change is a red-orange color. Our test showed this when our suspected solution exhibited this change in color to red. Conclusion I can conclude that all the expected results did indeed happen. The protein solution did change color to violet-purple when tested with the Biuret test, resulting in a positive reaction. This was because the Cuà ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ² reacted with the nitrogen atoms. The starch solution reacted with iodine to bring forth a blackish-blue change in the color, testing positive. This is attributed to the formation of a triodide ion. The lipids did indeed react with the Sudan III to show the positive reaction of color change to red, because of the formation of hydrophobic portion in the solution. The vitamin C showed the positive results when added to iodine when it eliminated the dark color associated with iodine. This result is because of the redox reaction that takes place between these two compounds. All of my results prove that my hypothesis were indeed correct. The unknown solution only showed a positive reaction with the starch, thus it can be concluded that it’s starch or maybe a f orm of a carbohydrate close to the composition of starch. References J.M Berg, J.L Tymoczko, L Stryer. Biochemistry, 5th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman; 2002 Dr Ananya Mandal. What are Lipids?. http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Lipids.aspx (accessed 29 September 2014). R.B Smith, E.C Loucheed, E.W Franklin, I. McMillan. The Starch Test for Determining Stage of Maturation in Apples. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 1979; 59(3): 725-735. SEP Staff. Testing for Lipids, Proteins and Carbohydrates. http://seplessons.ucsf.edu/node362 (accessed 29 September 2014) Mack, S. How does Biuret ReagentCause a Color Change with Proteins?. http://www.madsci.org/posts/achieves/2004-12/1102321490.Gb.r,html (accessed 2 October 2014).

Effective Use of Sound Techniques in Fritz Lang’s Film, M Essay

Effective Use of Sound Techniques in Fritz Lang’s Film, M M was directed by Fritz Lang and was released in Germany in 1931. M follows the story of a strand of child murders in a German city. In a hunt for the murderer the police as well as the organized criminal underground of this German city search rapidly for the killer of these innocent children. The specific elements that Fritz Lang uses to express his view of what the sound should be are, how particular sound techniques shape the film, and how the sound affects the story. In a shot by shot analysis of a series scenes that uses diegetic sound the audience can understand what Lang's intentions for sound was for this film. Initially the audience is witness to how particular sound techniques shape this film. For instance, one of the main details that the audience hears is the song that the murderer whistles. Due to the marvel of sound the audience can pick out that the whistling is related to the murderer. Along with the blind man who figured this mystery out, the audience could only put these two together with this sound technique. The director shows the audience how such a simple part of every day sound can be so important to solving such a terrible crime. An additional sound technique that the director uses is during the beginning of the film with the clock on the wall of Elsie Beckmann's family's apartment. The director uses this clock as a suspense builder to show more and more time is passing without her mother hearing something from her daughter. Attributable to the novelty of sound, the ding dongs and coo-coos on the clock are louder than in reality. This could be another way in which the director wanted to pull the audience into the element of what the clock ... ... understands how important time is being portrayed for Elsie's mother. In brief, the audience can see how this 1931 sound film could be shaped by sound in a number of ways. Considering that sound at this time was a new phenomenon it is understood why mostly diegetic sound was used over nondiegetic sound. This director also showed the audience how the story could be affected by sound with examples like the clock becoming a character and storyline of its own and also the murderer being identified with his whistling. With the lack of sound and the collage of images during specific times, the director was able to create a mood without music or sound. Apparently this was a technique that was learned throughout his many years of silent films. These details were what brought the story together and would not have been done so precisely without the technique of sound.

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 15

Matt nodded, but he was blushing to the fair roots of his hair. â€Å"Tami†¦pressed herself against me.† There was a long pause. Meredith said levelly, â€Å"Matt, do you mean she hugged you? Like a biiiiiig hug? Or that she†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She stopped, because Matt was already shaking his head vehemently. â€Å"It was no innocent biiiiiig hug. We were alone, in the doorway there, and she just†¦well, I couldn't believe it. She's only fifteen, but she acted like an adult woman. I mean†¦not that I've ever had an adult woman dothat to me.† Looking embarrassed but relieved at having got this off his chest, Matt's gaze went from face to face. â€Å"So what do you think? Was it just a coincidence that Caroline was there? Or did she†¦say something to Tamra?† â€Å"No coincidence,† Elena said simply. â€Å"It'd be toomuch of a coincidence: Caroline coming on to you and then Tamra acting like that. I know – I used to know Tami Bryce. She's a nice little girl – or she used to be.† â€Å"She still is,† Meredith said. â€Å"I told you, I went out with Jim a few times. She's a very nice girl, and not at all mature for her age. I don't think she would normally do anything inappropriate, unless†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She stopped, looking into the middle distance, and then shrugged without finishing her sentence. Bonnie looked serious now. â€Å"But we have to stop this,† she said. â€Å"What if she does that to some guy who's not nice and shy like Matt? She's going to get herself assaulted!† â€Å"That's the whole problem,† Matt said, turning red again. â€Å"I mean, it's pretty difficult†¦. If she had been some other girl, that I was going on a date with – not that I go out with other girls on dates†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he added hastily, glancing at Elena. â€Å"But youshould be going out on dates,† Elena said firmly. â€Å"Matt, I don't want eternal fidelity from you – there's nothing I'd like better than to see you dating a nice girl.† As if by accident, her gaze wandered over to Bonnie, who was now trying to crunch celery very quietly and neatly. â€Å"Stefan, you're the only one who can tell us what to do,† Elena said, turning to him. Stefan was frowning. â€Å"I don't know. With only two girls, it's pretty hard to draw any conclusions.† â€Å"So we're going to wait and see what Caroline – or Tami – does next?† Meredith asked. â€Å"Not just wait,† Stefan said. â€Å"We've got to find out more about it. You guys can keep an eye on Caroline and Tamra Bryce, and I can do some research on it.† â€Å"Damn!† Elena said, hitting the ground with one fist. â€Å"I can almost – † She stopped suddenly and looked at her friends. Bonnie had dropped her celery, gasping, and Matt had choked on his Coke, going into a coughing fit. Even Meredith and Stefan were staring at her. â€Å"What?† she said blankly. Meredith recovered first. â€Å"It's just that yesterday you were – well, very young angels don't swear.† â€Å"Just because I died a couple of times, it means I have to say ;;darn' for the rest of my life?† Elena shook her head. â€Å"Not. I'm me and I'm going to stay me – whoever I am.† â€Å"Good,† said Stefan, leaning over to kiss the top of her head. Matt looked away and Elena gave Stefan an almost dismissive pat, but thinking,I love you forever , and knowing that he would pick it up even if she couldn't hear his thought in return. In fact she found shecould pick up his general response to it, a warm rose color seemed to hang around him. Was this what Bonnie saw and called an aura? She realized that most of the day she'd seen him with a light, cool, emerald sort of shadowing around him – if shadows could be light. And the green was returning now as the pink faded away. Immediately she glanced over the rest of the picnickers. Bonnie was surrounded by a roselike color, shading to the palest of pinks. Meredith was a deep and profound violet. Matt was a strong clear blue. It reminded her that up until yesterday – only yesterday? – she'd seen so many things that no one else could see. Including something that had scared her silly. What had itbeen ? She was getting flashes of images – little details that were scary enough by themselves. It could be as small as a fingernail or as large as an arm. Bark-like texture, at least on the body. Insect-like antennae, but far too many of them, and moving like whips, faster than any insect ever moved them. She had the general crawly feeling she got whenever she thought about insects. It was a bug, then. But a bug built on a different body plan than any insect she knew of. It was more like a leech in that respect, or a squid. It had a completely circular mouth, with sharp teeth all around, and far too many tentacles that looked like thick vines whipping around in back. It could attach itself to a person, she thought. But she had a terrible feeling that it could do more. It could turn transparent and pull itself inside you and you would feel no more than a pinprick. Andthen what would happen? Elena turned to Bonnie. â€Å"Do you think that if I show you what something looks like, you could recognize it again? Not with your eyes, but with your psychic senses?† â€Å"I guess it depends on what the  ¡Ã‚ ®something' is,† Bonnie answered cautiously. Elena glanced over at Stefan, who gave her briefest of nods. â€Å"Then shut your eyes,† she said. Bonnie did so, and Elena put her fingertips on Bonnie's temples, with her thumbs gently brushing Bonnie's eyelashes. Trying to activate her White Powers – something that had been so easy before today – was like striking two rocks together to make a fire and hoping one was flint. Finally she felt a small spark, and Bonnie jerked backward. Bonnie's eyes snapped open.†What was that?† she gasped. She was breathing hard. â€Å"That's what I saw – yesterday.† â€Å"Where?† Elena said slowly, â€Å"Inside Damon.† â€Å"But what does it mean? Was he controlling it? Or†¦or†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bonnie stopped and her eyes widened. Elena finished the sentence for her. â€Å"Was it controlling him? I don't know. But here's one thing I do know, almost for certain. When he ignored your Calling, Bonnie, he was being influenced by the malach.† â€Å"The question is,if not Damon , who was controlling it?† Stefan said, standing up again restlessly. â€Å"I picked that up, and the kind of creature Elena showed you – it's not something with a mind of its own. It needs an outside brain to control it.† â€Å"Like another vampire?† Meredith asked quietly. Stefan shrugged. â€Å"Vampires usually just ignore them, because vampires can get what they want without them. It would have to be a very strong mind to get a malach like that to possess a vampire. Strong – and evil.† â€Å"Those,† Damon said with biting grammatical precision, from where he was sitting on a high limb of an oak, â€Å"are they. My younger brother and his†¦associates.† â€Å"Marvelous,† murmured Shinichi. He had draped himself even more gracefully and languidly against the oak than Damon had. It had become an unspoken contest. Shinichi's golden eyes had flared once or twice – Damon had seen it – upon seeing Elena and at the mention of Tami. â€Å"Don't even try to tell me you're not involved with those rowdy girls,† Damon added dryly. â€Å"From Caroline to Tamra and onward, that's the idea, isn't it?† Shinichi shook his head. His eyes were on Elena and he began to sing a folksong softly. â€Å"With cheeks like blooming roses And hair like golden wheat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I wouldn't try it onthose girls.† Damon smiled without humor. His eyes were narrow. â€Å"Granted, they look about as strong as wet tissue paper – but they're tougher than you'd think, and they're toughest of all when one of them is in danger.† â€Å"I told you, it's not me doing it,† Shinichi said. He looked uneasy for the first time since Damon had seen him. Then he said, â€Å"Although I might know the originator.† â€Å"Do tell,† Damon suggested, still narrow-eyed. â€Å"Well – did I mention my younger twin? Her name is Misao.† He smiled winningly. â€Å"It means maiden.† Damon felt an automatic stirring of appetite. He ignored it. He was too relaxed to think of hunting, and he wasn't at all sure thatkitsune – fox-spirits, which Shinichi claimed to be – could be hunted. â€Å"No, you didn't mention her,† Damon said, absently scratching at the back of his neck. That mosquito bite was gone, but it had left behind a furious itching. â€Å"It must have somehow slipped your mind.† â€Å"Well, she's here somewhere. She came when I did, when we saw the flare of Power that brought back†¦Elena.† Damon felt sure that the hesitation before the mention of Elena's name was a fake. He tilted his head at thedon't think you're fooling me angle and waited. â€Å"Misao likes to play games,† Shinichi said simply. â€Å"Oh, yes? Like backgammon, chess, Go Fish, that sort of thing?† Shinichi coughed theatrically, but Damon caught the glint of red in his eye. My, he reallywas overprotective of her, wasn't he? Damon gave Shinichi one of his most incandescent smiles. â€Å"I love her,† the young man with the black hair licked by fire said, and this time there was an open warning in his voice. â€Å"Of course you do,† Damon said in soothing tones. â€Å"I can see that.† â€Å"But, well, her games usually have the effect of destroying a town. Eventually. Not all at once.† Damon shrugged. â€Å"This flyspeck of a village isn't going to be missed. Of course, I get my girls out alive first.† Now it was his voice that held an open warning. â€Å"Just as you like.† Shinichi was back to his normal, submissive self. â€Å"We're allies, and we'll keep to our deal. Anyway, it would be a shame to waste†¦all that.† His gaze drifted to Elena again. â€Å"By the way, we won't even discuss the little fiasco with your malach and me – or hers, if you insist. I'm pretty sure I've vaporized at least three of them, but if I see another one, our business relationship is over. I make a bad enemy, Shinichi. You don't want to find out how bad.† Shinichi looked suitably impressed as he nodded. But the next moment he was gazing at Elena again, and singing. â€Å"†¦hair like golden wheat all a-down her milk-white shoulders; My pretty pink, my sweet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And I'll want to meet this Misao of yours. For her protection.† â€Å"And I know she wants to meet you. She's caught up in her game at the moment, but I'll try to tear her away from it.† Shinichi stretched luxuriously. Damon looked at him for a moment. Then, absent-mindedly, he too stretched. Shinichi was watching him. He smiled. Damon wondered about that smile. He had noticed that when Shinichi smiled, two little flames of crimson could be seen in his eyes. But he was really too tired to think about it right now. Simply too relaxed. In fact he suddenly felt very sleepy†¦. â€Å"So we're going to be looking for these malach things in girls like Tami?† Bonnie asked. â€Å"Exactly like Tami,† said Elena. â€Å"And you think,† Meredith said, watching Elena closely, â€Å"that Tami got it somehow from Caroline.† â€Å"Yes. I know, I know – the question is: where did Caroline get it from? And that Idon't know. But, again, we don't know what happened to her when she was kidnapped by Klaus and Tyler Smallwood. We don't know anything about what she's been doing for the last week – except that it's clear she never really stopped hating us.† Matt held his head in his hands. â€Å"And then what are we going todo? I feel as if I'm responsible somehow.† â€Å"No – Jimmy's responsible, if anyone is. If he – you know, let Caroline spend the night – and then let her talk about it with his fifteen-year-old sister†¦. Well, it doesn't make himguilty , but he sure could have been a little more subtle,† Stefan said. â€Å"And that's whereyou're wrong,† Meredith told him. â€Å"Matt and Bonnie and Elena and I have known Caroline forages andwe know what she's capable of . If anyone qualifies as their sister's keeper – it's us. And I think we're in serious delinquency of duty. I vote we stop by her house.† â€Å"So do I,† Bonnie said sadly, â€Å"but I'm not looking forward to it. Besides, what if shedoesn't have one of those malach things in her?† â€Å"That's where the research comes in,† Elena said. â€Å"We need to find out who's behind it all. Someone strong enough to influence Damon.† â€Å"Wonderful,† Meredith said, looking grim. â€Å"And given the power of the ley lines, we only have every single person in Fell's Church to choose from.† Fifty yards west and thirty feet straight up, Damon was struggling to keep awake. Shinichi reached up to brush fine hair the color of night and flames licking upward off his forehead. Under his lowered lids he was watching Damon intently. Damon meant to be watching him as intently, but he was simply too drowsy. Slowly, he imitated Shinichi's motion, brushing a very few strands of silky black hair off his own forehead. His lids drooped inadvertently, just a little more than before. Shinichi was still smiling at him. â€Å"So we have our deal,† he murmured. â€Å"We get the town, Misao and I, and you don't stand in our way. We get the rights to the power of the ley lines. You get your girls safely out†¦and you get your revenge.† â€Å"Against my sanctimonious brother and that†¦that Mutt!† â€Å"Matt.† Shinichi had sharp ears. â€Å"Whatever. I just won't have Elena hurt, is all. Or the little red-headed witch.† â€Å"Ah, yes, sweet Bonnie. I wouldn't mind one or two like her. One for Samhain and one for the Solstice.† Damon snorted drowsily. â€Å"There aren't two like her; I don't care where you look. I won't have her hurt either.† â€Å"And what about the tall, dark-haired beauty†¦Meredith?† Damon woke up.†Where?† â€Å"Don't worry; she's not coming to get you,† Shinichi said soothingly. â€Å"What do you wantdone with her?† â€Å"Oh.† Damon lounged back again in relief, easing his shoulders. â€Å"Let her go her own way – as long as it's far away from mine.† Shinichi seemed to deliberately relax back against his branch. â€Å"Your brother will be no problem. So it's really just that other boy down there,† he murmured. He had a very insinuating murmur. â€Å"Yes. But my brother – † Damon was almost asleep now, in the exact position that Shinichi had taken. â€Å"I told you, he'll be taken care of.† â€Å"Mm. I mean, good.† â€Å"So we have a deal?† â€Å"Mm-hmm.† â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"We have a deal.† This time, Damon didn't respond. He was dreaming. He dreamed that Shinichi's angelic golden eyes snapped open suddenly to look at him. â€Å"Damon.† He heard his name, but in his dream it was too much trouble to open his eyes. He could see without opening them, anyway. In his dream, Shinichi leaned over him, hovering directly over his face, so that their auras mixed and they would have shared breath if Damon had been breathing. Shinichi stayed that way a long time, as if he were testing Damon's aura, but Damon knew that to an outsider he would appear to be out on all channels and frequencies. Still, in his dream Shinichi hung over him, as if he were trying to memorize the crescent of dark lashes on Damon's pale cheek or the subtle curve of Damon's mouth. Finally, the dream-Shinichi put his hand under Damon's head and stroked the spot where the mosquito bite had itched. â€Å"Oh, growing up to be a fine big lad, aren't you?† he said to something Damon couldn't see – to somethinginside him. â€Å"You could almost take full control against his own strong will, couldn't you?† Shinichi sat for a moment, as if watching a cherry blossom fall, then shut his eyes. â€Å"I think,† he whispered, â€Å"that that's what we'll try, not too long from now. Soon. Very soon. But first, we have to gain his trust; get rid of his rival. Keep him blurred, angry, vain, off balance. Keep him thinking of Stefan, of his hatred for Stefan, who took his angel, whileI take care of what needs to be done here.† Then he spoke directly to Damon. â€Å"Allies, indeed!† He laughed. â€Å"Not while I can put my finger on your very soul. Here. Do you feel it? What I could make you do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And then again he seemed to address whatever creature was already inside Damon: â€Å"But right now†¦a little feast to help you grow up much faster and get much stronger.† In the dream, Shinichi made a gesture, and lay back, encouraging previously invisible malach to come up the trees. They slunk up and slid up the back of Damon's neck. And then, hideously, they slipped inside him, one by one, through some cut he hadn't known he had. The feeling of their soft, flabby, jellyfish-like bodies was almost unbearable†¦slipping inside of him†¦. Shinichi sang softly. â€Å"Oh, come a' tae me, ye fair pretty maidens Haste ye lassies tae my bosom Come tae me by sunlight or moonlight While the roses still are in blossom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In his dream, Damon was angry. Not because of the nonsense about malach inside him. That was ludicrous. He was angry because he knew that the dream-Shinichi was watching Elena as she began to pack up the remains of the picnic. He was watching every motion she made with an obsessive closeness. â€Å"They blossom ever where you tread †¦Wild roses bloody red.† â€Å"Extraordinary girl, your Elena,† the dream-Shinichi added. â€Å"If she lives, I think she'll be mine for a night or so.† He stroked the remaining strands of hair off Damon's forehead gently. â€Å"Extraordinary aura, don't you think? I'll make sure her death is beautiful.† But Damon was in one of those dreams where you can neither move nor speak. He didn't answer. Meanwhile, dream-Shinichi's dream-pets continued to climb the trees and pour themselves, like Jell-O, inside him. One, two, three, a dozen, two dozen of them.More . And Damon could not wake, even though he sensed more malach coming from the Old Wood. They were neither dead, nor living, neither man nor maiden, mere capsules of Power that would allow Shinichi to control Damon's mind from far away. Endlessly, they came. Shinichi kept watching the flow, the bright sparkle of internal organs sparkling into Damon. After a while he sang again, â€Å"Days are precious, dinna lose them Flo'ers will fade and so will ye†¦ Come to me, ye fair young maidens While young and fair ye still may be.† Damon dreamed that he heard the word â€Å"forget† as if whispered by a hundred voices. And even as he tried to remember what to forget, it dissolved and disappeared. He woke up alone in the tree, with an ache that filled his entire body.

Performance And Specifications Of Power Pumps Engineering Essay

IntroductionBackground:The agencies of pumping is the most of import manner of fluid transportation for 1000s of old ages. Ancient Egyptians used water wheels with hoppers for the motion of vehicle marked with H2O for irrigation intent. In the 3rd century BC ; the Grecian scientist Stisebeos Alexandria invents the reciprocating pump to pump H2O. The about the same clip discovered the Grecian mathematician Archimedes the prison guard pump, called the composit of mandolins with a coiling traveling on inside the cylinder. Till that clip the there was no much development occurs until the late 17th century, where the Gallic adventurer Denis invent a pump with consecutive blades. Then the British adventurer John Oblad invents the centrifugal pump with curving blades in 1851. Thereafter, the first usage of compressors with axial-flow turbo jet engines where found in the mid-fortiess of the 20th century AD.Reciprocating PumpPositive supplanting pumps are that type of machines which is common for applications that require a really high Pressures and comparatively low flow. In this machine, the liquid flows into a contained infinite, such as a cylinder, speculator, or rotor. Then a traveling Piston forces the liquid out of the cylinder, increasing the force per unit area. The usage of positive supplanting pumps is common in applications that require high discharge force per unit area and comparatively low flow. The discharge force per unit area generated by a positive supplanting pump is – in theory – space. If the pump is dead headed, the force per unit area generated will increase until either a pump portion fails or the driver stalls from deficiency of power. The Reciprocating Pump – besides known as Power Pump- is one type from the Positive Displacement Pump. In his book, Pollak illustrates that the Reciprocating pump has a random-access memory, speculator, Piston or other cylindrical component working backwards and forwards within a cylinder or pump barrel ; this gesture is normally delivered from a grouch go arounding unvarying velocity, and linking rod. Automatic valve control the flow of liquid into the cylinder, and out once more. A Piston or a speculator moves back and Forth in an enclosed cylinder. A reciprocating pump besides has a power terminal and a liquid terminal. Most piston pumps are individual playing ; plunger pumps are dual moving. The diameter of the Piston, the length of the Piston shot and the speed of the Walter pistons determine the pump capacity. See figPower Pumps:As mentioned by Igor Karassik in his book that the power pump does non develop force per unit area ; it merely produces a flow of fluid. The downstream procedure or shrieking system produces a opposition to this flow, thereby bring forthing force per unit area in the piping system and dispatch part of the pump. The flow fluctuates at a rate proportional to the pump velocity and figure of cylinders. The amplitude of the fluctuations is a map of the figure of cylinders. Karassik added that greater the figure of cylinders, the lower the amplitude of the flow fluctuations at a specific revolutions per minute. It is ever possible for the power pump to bring forth different capacity as they are capable of operating over a broad scope of velocities. Each pump has maximum suction and discharge force per unit area limits that ; when combined with its maximal velocity, find the pump ‘s power evaluation. The pump can be applied to power conditions that are less than its maximal evaluation but at a little lessening in mechanical efficiencyOperating Principles:In his paper, Samuel explains the pump operation as follows ; the reciprocating pump uses a crankshaft-connecting rod mechanism. The crankshaft-connecting rod mechanism converts the rotary motion of the crankshaft to a reciprocating additive motion of Pistons. The Piston motion creates volume alterations. As a pit opens when a Piston retracts, the fluid is admitted through an recess cheque valve. When the Piston reverses, the recess look into valve stopping points, and the pit reduces when the Piston extends. The mercantile establishme nt look into valve clears and the fluid is forced out by the Piston. Despite that of the fluid being pumped, the discharge volume is fixed for each crankshaft revolution. Pressure is determined by the system flow opposition and pump building. The Speed decrease is so needed for diminishing high velocity from the driver to low pump shaft velocity.Applications for Power pumps are:†¢ Oil well clay pumps †¢ Reverse osmosis charge pumps †¢ Auxiliary boiler provender pumps †¢ Pipeline pumps †¢ Oil field H2O injection pumps †¢ Slurry pumps †¢ Process pumpsPerformance and specifications:In his paper, David Parker negotiations about the specification illustrating that the quality and measure of information on suction conditions will find the ultimate success or failure of any pump installing. The bulk of pump jobs, start at the suction. There must be a minimal sum of absolute force per unit area available to provide fluid to the pump suction. PD pumps by and large require less absolute force per unit area. Net Positive Inlet Pressure Required ( NPIPR ) , at the pump suction rim, is the evaluation of entire recess losingss within that pump at rated conditions. Unit of measurements are force per unit area footings ; PSI, Kg/cm2, Bar, KPa. These losingss include the unstable clash loss along the internal suction way, the alteration in lift from the suction rim to the enclosed volume, the unstable clash loss of come ining the enclosed volume, and the acceleration to the speed of the enclosed volume. For any given size, NPIPR will increase with increased viscousness or flow ( increased flow = increased velocity ) . Volumes of gas are normally specified comparative to standard temperature and force per unit area ( STP ) of 680F and atmospheric force per unit area ; 14.7 psia ; 200C, 1.034 Kg/cm2 absolute. By stipulating the standard volume of gas and stipulating the suction force per unit area and temperature, the volume of gas nowadays at the pump suction can be calculated. This capacity must be added to the liquid capacity in order to size the pump for the needed liquid flow rate. If suction force per unit area is below atmospheric force per unit area, even little sums of entrained gas will spread out in volume necessitating a larger pump. Capacity should be defined for the rated status. If there is an acceptable scope of capacities, the lower limit and maximal acceptable should be stated. This allows pump providers to offer standard merchandises without holding to modify for specific capacity dem ands.Efficiency:In the reciprocating pump, merely two efficiency losingss need to be considered ; volumetric and Mechanical. Volumetric efficiency loss is provoked by slippage through valves, ratio of liquid chamber volume at terminal of shot to plunger/piston supplanting volume, and liquid squeezability. Mechanical efficiency loss occurs while get the better ofing mechanical clash in bearing and velocity decrease. The overall efficiency of a reciprocating pump unit is by and large above 85 % throughout its full operating scope. However, in the reciprocating pump can run over 90 % because many pumps and decrease units operate at a mechanical efficiency of 98 per centum, and the volumetric efficiency can frequently be above 95 per centum.Viscosity:Viscosity of a fluid is the ratio of shear emphasis to the rate of shear strain. It is a step of its opposition to flux. High viscousness fluids, like gum elastic, adhesives, or molasses, are really immune to forces applied to travel them. Low viscousness fluids, like kerosine or H2O, have really small opposition to coerce. Viscosity is reduced as temperature is increased ; hot fluids flow more readily than cold fluids. Viscosity should ever be given at a specified temperature. Typical units for viscousness are centipoises, centistokes, and SSU. Positive Displacement pumps maintain high efficiencies throughout the viscousness scope. Entrained gasses ca n be handled in big measures by most Positive Displacement pump designs ; nevertheless care must be taken in stipulating measure of gas entrained and flow required. Positive Displacement pumps are used to keep the changeless flow rate as nozzle force per unit areas change due to choke offing and gnawing. Precise control of fuel add-on rates increases the operators control over burning conditions. This in bend leads to cut down air emanations, a really critical concern in a extremely regulated industry. The reciprocating pump provides a about changeless flow rate over a wider scope of force per unit area ; the centrifugal pump gives unvarying force per unit area over a scope of flow, so it drops dramatically as the flow rate additions. On a reciprocating pump, fluid viscousness has small consequence on the flow rate as the force per unit area increases. However, unstable viscousness has a large impact on the centrifugal pump ‘s force per unit area and flow rate. The efficiency besides drops well.Advantages:Efficiency is rather high even though there are alterations in the needed caput. It can be up to 85 % to 95 % or even more. Merely with high velocity it tends to diminish somewhat. Reciprocating pumps run at much lower operating velocities than centrifugal pumps and therefore is better suited for managing viscose fluid. For a given velocity the flow rate is changeless regardless of caput, the pump is limited merely by the power of the premier mover and the strength of the pump parts. The fluid flow from the reciprocating pump is well high. It is start automatically. No demand to make full the cylinders before get downing. Disadvantages: There are poorer in managing liquids incorporating solids that tend to eat valves and seats. Because of the pulsating flow and force per unit area bead throw the valves they require larger suction force per unit area at the subdivision rim to avoid cavitations. Due to mechanical quivers, the pulsating flow require a particular attending to subdivision and discharge piping design Hovering gesture of the nozzle creates perturbations that travel at velocity of sound from the pump cylinder shrieking system. These perturbations cause the force per unit area degree of the system to fluctuate with regard to clip. It is hard to pump syrupy liquid in the reciprocating pump The cost of bring forthing Piston pumps is high. This is due to the really accurate sizes of the cylinders and Pistons. Besides, the geartrain needed to change over the rotary motion of the thrust motor into a reciprocating action involves excess equipment and cost. Discharge flow problems: Care cost a batch considered with its handiness, because throbing flow and big figure of traveling parts, as the atoms can acquire into the little clearances and cause terrible wear. The Piston pump therefore, should non be used for slurries. The throbing features of the fluid fluxing into and out of power pumps are significantly affected by the figure of Pistons. Discharge flow pulsings are the most critical because of the high energy potency generated when the system opposition reacts with the flow to make force per unit area. Since the magnitude of the discharge pulsing is largely affected by the figure of cylinders, so we can get the better of the pulsing flow by increasing the figure of cylinders. Besides, we can cut down the discontinuity by utilizing an collector at the terminal of the nose which will provides a continues flow.