The Best of Medium

The Best of Medium I cannot tell a lie: I haven’t been up on my book game as much as I should be. Blame the summertime, the new job, or the 5k training program I’m on. Buying or even borrowing books hassadlybeen one of the last things on my mind, but that doesn’t mean I haven’t been reading. In fact, I read every day (and not just the captions on celebrity Instagram photos). Lately, I’ve been getting my story fix through my other source of entertainment/wisdom/procrastination: the internet. Namely, I’ve been hooked on Medium. If you haven’t heard of it, Medium is a free blog-hosting site that focuses on offering writers and readers a clean, streamlined experience with words. You won’t find awesome blog themes, but you will definitely come across a host of short story collections and essays featuring popular as well as up-and-coming writers from all over. The best part? You, too, can enlighten the world with your thoughts there if you so desire. Maybe one day I’ll catch myself reading yours while in line at Starbucks one morning. Anyway, here are a few of my favorites: Human Parts According to their mission statement, “Human Parts explores the patchwork of the human condition through experimental and traditional personal writing.” With a mixture of first-person narratives and third person works of creative nonfiction (AKA journals with a dramatic twist), Human Parts really scales the landscape of what might be academically the “human condition.” The work displayed here addresses some pretty difficult questions ranging from “was that thing that happened rape?” to “did my sociopathic mother really love me, or was she just pretending?” If you’re feeling introspective, give this place a try. Big Funny Blog Don’t be fooled by the name of this generic-seeming blog. Jason Wolverton is a whiz at the whole self-deprecating thing (not the be confused with the whole defecating in an outdoor trailer thing he recently wrote about). His stories have the power to both entertain and transport the reader to another time and placeâ€"perhaps a nine state road trip? Poets Unlimited “Words for humans. Poems on topics diverse, engaging and authentic.” More than just another site cleverly aiming to tackle the human condition head-on, Poets Unlimited is a regular source of musing for me. It features diverse poets in a range of styles, with almost daily updates. The best part about this site is the fact that, no, not all the poetry is rad. Some of it is actually not that great. But I love it anyway (do you remember when I talked about embracing publication as an accomplishment in itself? Remind yourself.) Matter If you’re like me, sometimes you like to get all super-left-wing with it. Sometimes, you even like to get all super-right-wing, too. Don’t get me started on the terrors of censorship! Or the terrors of children watching who knows what on the internet! Oh, excuse me. Back to the topic at hand. Matter is a nonfiction blog featuring pieces on current events and popular culture, as well as politics, work life, as well asâ€"relationship advice? Matter does it all. And I freaking love it. So the next time you find yourself in a book rutâ€"as I somehow am despite the fact that I write about booksâ€"consider opening your browser and taking a real-life peek into someone else’s thoughts and experiences. Then, feeling empowered, consider contributing yourself. Make the internet a little more scary, will you?

Increase Minimum Wage During The Great Depression

Increase Minimum Wage After the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed approximately 121 bills into law. One of these bills included the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 which would ban oppressive child labor, set the maximum workweek at 44 hours and finally, set the minimum hourly wage at 25 cents. President Roosevelt believed that it was the government’s duty to protect against â€Å"starvation wages and intolerable hours† (Grossman). Today, we still follow the principles that President Roosevelt laid out by having a federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. In the status quo there is a debate over whether there should be an increase in the minimum wage. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall have Power to provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States†; by interpreting the Constitution as a living Constitutionalist would, to provide for the general Welfare of the United States an increase in the minimum wage is necessary for its citizens (Barbour). The United States Constitution was written at a convention that Congress called on February 21, 1787. The framers intent behind creating the Constitution was to establish a limited federal government that would â€Å"establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessing of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity† (Barbour). Today, many people believe the constitution to be a livingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Minimum Wage is The Bare Minimum1018 Words   |  5 PagesMinimum Wage: The Bare Minimum They work hard every day; they stock our store shelves, wash dishes at our restaurants, clean our offices at night, care for our kids during the day...They have in common the minimum wage. And they need a raise, and as you saw, they deserve a raise (Clinton). President Clinton made this speech on the south lawn of the White House at 10:30 a.m. on the 8th of March 2000. He argued for the minimum wage hike to go into effect. He argued for the populationRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of The Minimum Wage1282 Words   |  6 PagesMinimum Wage Should the government raise minimum wage? Should the government lower or keep the current minimum wage? Minimum wage is a very controversial topic when it is discussed between all parties. For those arguing for minimum wage increase believe that it will bring people living below the poverty line above it. Former President Obama stated, â€Å" no one working forty hours deserves to be living in poverty.† For those arguing against the raise on minimum wage believe that it has more negativeRead More The Minimum Wage Should Be Eliminated Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesThe minimum wage is something that F.D.R. put in place a long time ago during the Great Depression. I dont think it worked then. It didnt solve any problems then and it hasnt solved any problems in 50 years. -- John Raese In the United States, the federal government maintains a national minimum wage to protect the purchasing power of ordinary workers. It seems good that the government protects your purchasing power by adjusting the minimum wage with respect to the inflation rate. ItsRead MoreMinimum Wage During The Great Depression1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Minimum Wage Battle In the United States, the minimum wage was passed during the Great Depression in 1938 to protect the buying power of normal workers in a period in which the â€Å"unemployment rate was still a very high 19 percent† (Sklar, 2009, p. 1). Since that time, there has been significant debate about the controversial topic of raising the federal minimum wage. The federal minimum wage law was created to eliminate unfair practices of sweat shops and manufacturing companies during this timeRead MoreMinimum Wage863 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum wage is a controversial topic because everybody wants more. People want more money and some think that just increasing minimum wage can increase more money that they get. However, this is far from the truth as sometimes employers can’t pay their employers more than minimum wage. Not to mention that if the minimum wage goes up so does the price of everything else in order to adjust for the new price. So essentially increasing the wage majorl y does nothing except maybe lower the value of yourRead MoreJohn Keynes And Friedrich Hayek901 Words   |  4 Pagesof the most influential economic minds of the 20th century. Each of these men’s ideas had a great impact on the economy of numerous countries and helped countries find economic success different times. Keynes and Hayek had opposite ideas on what created a working economy that would be successful and avoid economical depressions like that of the United States great depression and the European depressions that resulted from the two World Wars. Keynes believes that the best way to maintain a strongRead MoreHistory Repeats Itself, A Fight For Fair Wage1178 Words   |  5 Pageshigher wages. In the beginning of the NRA, Roosevelt promulgated a President’s Re-employment Agreement. Employers signed more than 2.3 million agreements, covering 16.3 million employees. Employers agreed to a 35-40 hour workweek, with a minimum wage of $12 to $15 per week. In turn, businesses who signed the agreement displayed a blue eagle over the motto â€Å"We do our part.† Therefore, Patriotic Americans would buy only from â€Å"Blue Eagle†. As a result, the economy would recover from the â€Å"Great Depression†Read MoreThe Minimum Wage During The Great Depression1229 Words    |  5 Pages Since the beginning of minimum wage during the Great Depression, the discussion of the how much minimum wage should be has always been occurring. Currently there is a strong push for the minimum wage to be raised, especially as Americans compare the current American rate to other countries’ rates. The New York Times recently reported that unionized Danish fast-food workers are paid more than twice as much as the average fast-food worker in America, and the Danish workers also receive benefitsRead MoreBenefits Of Minimum Wage Law990 Words   |  4 Pageshave a law in order to complete the bare minimum to afford a decent living condition, food for their families and even to put on decent clothes to keep themselves warm. The minimum wage law was set so employees have a decent living wage and are not in complete ruins after working rough conditions. There are many benefits towards the minimum wage law that was set in 1938 by President Roosevelt. It helps labor ers who work in rough rugged conditions have a minimum set salary and have them able to affordRead MoreRaise Wages Not Expenses1680 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2016 Raise Wages Not Expenses The image of the American dream is one that is known around the globe. For a couple hundred years, it has inspired individuals and families to start fresh and hit it big in the United States. That dream, however, may be more far fetched than people think. If they are fortunate enough to find a job, they will quickly realize that the starting national minimum wage is not enough to support a family in our economy. Raising the minimum wage, is an option, but

Laissez Faire Leadership Is A Hands Off Style Essay

Topic Introduction Laissez-faire leadership is a hands-off style characterized by leaders who give the least amount of guidance to their subordinates as possible. These leaders believe that people are at their most creative and efficient when a leader focuses their energy into facilitating an environment where distractions from the outside are mitigated and trust is placed in the employee to solve their problems in the best ways imaginable. The main focus of Inju Yang’s conceptual exploration of laissez-faire leadership is that â€Å"subordinates appreciate being left alone to manage their own affairs.† Furthermore, â€Å"A hands-off approach by a leader can allow employees to feel respected and autonomous† (Yang, p. 1247). Yang stresses, however that this style can be as extremely harmful to a team if not composed of the right people with positive attitudes who are familiar with their job. Laissez-faire leadership requires a high level of motivation in subordinates, as the abil ity to shirk responsibilities is heightened greatly by a leader who does not poke in frequently to ask questions, lay eyes on employees, and demand regular status updates. Giving little guidance to employees does not mean a leader can avoid â€Å"keeping an eye† on the team to watch for people who do not seem to be carrying their load or to watch for budding interpersonal conflicts on the team. It must also be expected that non-formal types of leadership will emerge on the team, and the leader must be vigilantShow MoreRelatedPrinciples And Characteristics Of Laissez Faire1114 Words   |  5 Pagesquote by the late Steve Jobs perfectly captures the essence of laissez faire leadership. The model is rather a paradox within the leadership theories, because of its hands-off nature. The leader and subordinate roles are almost turned upside down, making it a difficult theory to grasp. So what does it take to lead with a laissez faire philosophy? In this guide, we’ll explore what is the definition and history behind laissez faire leadership. We’ll analyse the essential characteristics of the frameworkRead MoreLaissez Faire s Faire Leadership Style1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe laissez-faire leadership style can be seen by some as lazy or a type of leadership style where the leader is non-existent. A leader who uses the laissez-faire leadership style is backing away from the traditional idea of a manager or leader, and allowing the employees to make decisions or tackle problems on their own. The laissez-faire leadership style was developed in 1938 in compilation with both autocratic and democratic leadership styles. This leadership style is best when the workforce isRead MoreCharacteristics Of Autocratic Leadership946 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity and Family Studies Leadership is the action of leading a group of people or an organization. There are four leadership styles, these include: Autocratic, Laissez-faire, Transformational and Democratic. Autocratic Autocratic leadership also known as authoritarian leadership, refers to the leadership style by which an individual has sole control of all decisions with little consultation from members within the group. An autocratic leader will typically make choices based on their ownRead MoreThe Leadership Style Of The 21st Century1435 Words   |  6 Pagesmarket touting new theories and new styles of management that are proven to be successful. Even out of the three most common leadership styles, authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire, the latter, is still considered a fad and too risky. Laissez-faire (french for leave us alone ) is a style where the workers have the decision making power. Even as recent as 2008 Samual C. Certo wrote â€Å"Supervisors are rarely, if ever, able to practice this style of leadership because the nature of the supervisorRead MoreManagement Styles in the Workplace Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Management Styles in the Workplace Purpose Statement: My purpose today is to inform you on four different management styles in the workplace. Thesis Statement: It is important for managers to understand their management style when certain situations arise in the work place, by knowing your management style you will become a better leader. Introduction: Have you ever been told, â€Å"Do it this way or don’t do it at all?† if so do you know what type of leadership or management style this. Well todayRead MoreDifferent leadership styles in the public service Essay example1148 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Different leadership styles in the public services Team leaders and there roles in leadership There are several different leadership styles used within the public services. Therefore there are many varied suggestions that define someone as being a strong leader. However a ‘leadership style’ is a unique style that people recognise to encourage or influence other people in a way others do not so that they admire and want to be like. A team leader’s role in the public services is to provide instructionRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1718 Words   |  7 Pageskinds of leadership styles used to facilitate the actions of others. Mirriam-Webster.com defines leadership as â€Å"a position as a leader of a group, organization, etc†. Another more inclusive definition regarding the leading role is â€Å"managers motivating employees, directing their activities, selecting the most effective communication channels, or resolving conflicts among members† (Robbins, Judge, 2013). If a company or organization suffers from poor, none, or the wr ong leadership styles, everyoneRead MoreKurt Lewin s Leadership Styles1526 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Styles There are three classic leadership styles. Kurt Lewin’s leadership styles vary in the degree of control that they give their followers. Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) was a social psychologist whose extensive work covered studies of leadership styles and their effects, along with many other theories (Kurt Lewin). Along with two other colleagues, Lewin performed research on the effects of three different leadership styles and the outcome on groups of boys. The three leadership styles thatRead MoreLeadership Style For A New Supervisor1422 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will discuss and help understand the best leadership style for a new supervisor. The leadership style that is selected will determine the willingness of subordinates to work for you or against you. A new supervisor will be confronted with issues and problems they were not aware of when they were a front line officer. The responsibilities of a new supervisor will increase substantially and they will be held accounta ble for their subordinates’ actions. One of the biggest challenges forRead MoreLaissez Faire And Transformational Leadership Styles Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesComparatively, Laissez-faire leadership is a great contrast to transactional and transformational leadership styles as defined by Cherry, K. (2016) Laissez-faire leadership, also known as delegative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which leaders are hands-off and allow group members to make the decisions. Because of this, researchers have found that this is generally the leadership style that leads to the lowest productivity among group members. Laissez-faire is often characterised by:

Business Ethics Test Notes Free Essays

Case Test 3 Chapter 12 Ethics Case 12-45 1. If the purchase had been handled properly by the controller this transaction may have been considered within ethical standards. However, evidence of weaknesses in internal control over inventory and possible management override of computerized records, that in all appearances increase the risk of adulterated inventory counts and computerized records in general, warrant response from the auditing team during their assessment of financial statements. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics Test Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the number of shirts sold to the auditing team do not constitute a material misstatement in regards to the financial statements, the risk related to fraud should be assessed and mitigated during the planning and carrying out of the audit and further audit procedures. These transactions do not affect the existence and valuation assertions relevant to auditing. The right and obligations assertions, on the other hand, may be impacted as physical counts of inventory and their accuracy and completeness come into question. The auditor should be wary of procedures related to physical counts of inventory. Extra care to mitigate intentional or misintentional inclusion of inventory in the physical count should be countered by the auditing team. Additionally, the audit should further address the implications of the ability of management to override perpetual inventory records and computerized information in general in all other areas of the audit to assure that relevant risks are mitigated and minimized. Outside of the effects on the auditing process, this case does not affect the opinion of the auditor on the audited financial statements. In spite of this, the client should be made aware of the discovery. Although the likelihood of material misstatement of the financial records due to this occurrence is unlikely, the auditor may find that purchase of the shirts negatively impacts thee appearance of independence of the auditor and the level of confidence entrusted to the auditor and auditing firm as a result of the situation. Additionally, the liability of the auditors may become an issue as litigation related to these audited statements arises. 2. The adequacy of the audit will be negatively affected as assertions need to be modified and relevant risks associated addressed to perform a reliable audit. Increases in control and detection risk factors may prompt the auditor to assign more experienced staff to areas identified as high-risk areas for fraud. Saint Leo’s core value of integrity relates to the auditing professing in a variety of ways as it is an inherent requirement in auditing. Auditors must consistently apply ethical paradigms during their professional and personal lives. This practice increases the confidence of the public in the profession as well as in the audited financial statements of companies. Requiring students to uphold this core value prepares them to address ethical concerns in the workplace and holds them accountable for the integrity of their coursework during their studies as well. By consistently practicing this core value, students are better prepared for successful careers that mirror the core values of the institution and contribute to the economic health of society as a whole. Similar essay: Disadvantages of Ethics in the Workplace How to cite Business Ethics Test Notes, Essay examples

PSY 211 Final Paper Essays - Continents, Africa, Women In Morocco

Jacari Gentry Psy211, Fall 2018 PSY 211 Final Paper The country that I have selected for this research is Morocco. Morocco is North African country that borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. According to Cia.gov, on "March 2, 1956, the Kingdom of Morocco obtained its independence from Spain." Morocco's government is parliamentary constitutional monarchy. In order for one to become a citizen in this country, they must have at least one parent who is already a citizen. Citizenship by birth does not exist in the country of Morocco. The Muslim religion is the most dominant in Morocco, with 99% of its people being apart of it. Many languages are spoken in this country but the two official languages are Arabic and Tamazight. According to Cia.gov, "Morocco has used low labor costs to work to building a diverse market oriented economy." Key assets to the community include agriculture, tourism, aerospace, and textiles. Agriculture is most beneficial asset to Morocco's development as a country. Morocco products include barley, w heat, citrus fruits, grapes, and olives. Morocco has a Mediterranean climate, which helps produce these many products. As of July 2018, the population of Morocco is 34,314,130. However, the population is growing at a declining rate. Infant and child mortality rates are also declining. According to Morocco.com, "this is mainly due to an increase in better health care, nutrition, and vaccination coverage." Their citizens are living longer and women are having fewer children. Women's life expectancy is higher than men. Women rates are 80.5 years, while men are 77.3 years. Most of the citizens of Morocco live west of the Atlas Mountains, which are located in Northwest Africa. According to Morocco.com, "the Moroccan population mainly consists of Arabs, Arab-Berber and Sunni Muslims." Arab-Berber is the most recognized ethnic group in Morocco. However, there are a few minority groups that also reside in the country. Jewish, Gnaoua, and Haratin are all races of people that are also located in Morocco. One of the main ongoing issues in the Moroccan society today is racial discrimination. According to Morocco World News, Morocco's parliament has been discussing "discrimination against black Africans." As of late November 2017, about 5,000 Black Africans have been swept up in raids, piled onto buses, and abandoned in remote areas that are close to the Sahara desert. Morocco has become a hub for migrants whom are seeking better opportunities or using the country as a stepping-stone to reach Europe. These raids become a problem because of the inequality towards a race of people. If individuals are working to improve their current lifestyle, why does the country seem to be against the freedoms of others? According to the Morocco World News, Morocco parliament has proposed, "prison sentences ranging from one to three years for any individual guilty of making racist remarks against foreign visitors or residents." I think this shows great hope in declining this racial discrimination. Ho wever, the ineffectiveness of Morocco's immigration policy has shown and needs improvement. More policies need to be adapted to ensure the safety of all races of people that are entering and exiting the country of Morocco. Today in Morocco, there is an ongoing fight to establish gender equality amongst male and female. In 2011, the Moroccan country to guarantee gender equality passed a new constitution. In 2004, Morocco chose to rewrite its code of family law. By doing so, they established the right to divorce by mutual consent. It also placed limits on polygamy and rose the minimum marriage age for women from 15 to 18. Although it seems that Morocco is trying its best mitigate gender inequality, many citizens believe that not much change is happening. According to the Morocco Journal, many Moroccan women say, "equality is still a long way off." There have been multiple scenarios where the law is being bent. According to the Morocco Journal, "judges have granted permission for the marriage of minors in about 90 percent of the cases that have appeared before them." This shows that there are still flaws in the law that need to be corrected. By doing so, the country of Morocco can ensure that less ineq ualities will be present in their society. References: (2018, January 19). Morocco's parliament discusses

Socially Responsible Marketing

Socially Responsible Marketing Free Online Research Papers Businesses and people face constraints on what can ethically be done to make money or in their pursuits of goals. Fraud and deception are not only morally wrong but also clog up the efficient functioning of the economy. There are also behaviors that, even if they are not strictly illegal, cannot be undertaken with a good conscience. There are a number of areas where a person must consider his or her conscience to decide if an action is acceptable. For example, Some â€Å"paycheck advance† loan operators charge very high interest rates on small loans made in anticipation of a consumer’s next paycheck. Depending on state laws, effective interest rates (interest rates plus other fees involved) may exceed 20% per month. In some cases, borrowers put up their automobiles as security, with many losing their only source of transportation through default. Although some consider this practice unconscionable, same may assert that such loans may be the only way that a family can o btain cash to fill an immediate need. Because of costs of administration are high, these costs, when spread over a small amount, will amount to a large percentage. Also, because the customer groups in question tend to have poor credit ratings with high anticipated rates of default, rates must be high enough to cover this. Different individuals vary in their ethical convictions. Some are willing to work for the tobacco industry, for example, while others are not. Some are willing to mislead potential customers while others will normally not do this. There are also broader societal and company wide values that may influence the individual business decision maker. Some religions, including Islam, disfavor the charging of interest. Although different groups differ somewhat in their interpretations of this issue, the Koran at the very least prohibits usury- charging excessive interest rates. There is some disagreements as to whether more modest, fair interest rates are acceptable. In cultures where the stricter interpretation applies, a firm may be unwilling to set up an interest-based financing plan for customers who cannot pay cash. The firm might, instead, charge a higher price, with no additional charge for interest. Some firms also have their own ethical stands. For example, Google has the motto †Å"Do no evil.† Other firms, on the other hand, may actively encourage lies, deception, and other reprehensible behavior. Some firms elect to sell in less developed countries products that have been banned as unsafe in their own countries. Many see the tobacco industry as the â€Å"enemy† and may not want to do anything that can benefit the industry. However, in principle, it may actually be possible to make it profitable for the tobacco industry to â€Å"harvest†- to spend less money on brand building and gradually reduce the quantities sold.   The tobacco industry is heavily concentrated, with three firms controlling most of the market. Some other industries are exempt from many antitrust law provisions. If the tobacco companies were allowed to collude and set prices, the equilibrium market price would probably go up, and the quantity of tobacco demanded would then go down. It is been found that among teenagers, smoking rates are especially likely to decrease when prices increase. The tobacco companies could also be given some immediate tax breaks in return for giving up their trademarks some thirty years in the future. This would reduce the incentive to advertise, again leading to decreased demand in the future. The tax benefits needed might have to be very high, thus making the idea infeasible unless the nation is willing to trade off better health for such large revenue losses. In some cases, it may actually be profitable for companies to do good deeds. This may be the case, for example, when a firm receives a large amount of favorable publicity for its contributions, resulting in customer goodwill and an enhanced brand value. A pharmacy chain, for example, might pay for charitable good to develop information about treating diabetes. The chain could then make this information on its web site, paying for bandwidth and other hosting expenses that may be considerably less than the value of the positive publicity received. Non-profit groups often spend a large proportion of the money they take in on fund raising. This is problematic both because of the inefficiency of the process and the loss of potential proceeds that result and because potential donors who learn about or suspect high fund raising expenses may be less likely to donor. This is an especially critical issue now that information on fund raising overhead for different organizations is readily available on the Internet. An alternative approach to fund raising that does not currently appear to be much in use is the idea of â€Å"sponsored† fund raising. The idea here is that some firm might volunteer to send out fund raising appeals on behalf of the organization. For example, Microsoft might volunteer to send out letters asking people to donate to the American Red Cross. This may be a very cost effective method of promotion for the firm since the sponsor would benefit from both the positive publicity for its involvement and from the greater attention that would likely be given a fund raising appeal for a group of special interest than would be given to an ordinary advertisement or direct mail piece advertising the sponsor in a traditional way. One issue that comes up is the potential match between the sponsor and sponsee organization. This may or may not be a critical issue since respondents are selected for the solicitation based on their predicted interest in the organization. Microsoft- directly or indirectly through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation- has been credited with a large number of charitable ventures and has the Congressional Black Caucus as one of its greatest supporters. In many cases, firms might volunteer for this fund raising effort in large part because of the spear heading efforts of high level executives whose families are affected by autism. As Globilization continues to expand, the issues dealing with ethics and how they apply to marketing will be of growing concern. Where this may be seen the most is in dealings with other cultures, religions, and even governments. It is hard enough at times to always make the right decisions as an individual, as for a business it is hard to fully fathom the full implications. Research Papers on Socially Responsible MarketingTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

If Sans Que Talks Supposition, Use the Subjunctive

If Sans Que Talks Supposition, Use the Subjunctive Sans que (without) is a conjunctive phrase (locution conjonctive) that requires the subjunctive when theres uncertainty or supposition. The expression indicates a simultaneity of actions or a negative consequence.  Note that when you use sans que and you wish to express negation, add the more formal ne explà ©tif  (ne  without pas)  in the position you would normally find ne:   Je le fais sans quil ne me voie.   I do it without him seeing me. More examples of sans que: Tà ¢che de tapprocher sans quon te voie.Try to get close without anyone seeing you. Ils ont rà ©glà © le problà ¨me sans que nous ayons intervenir.  They dealt with the problem without us having to intervene. Le projet à ©tait passà © sans que personne (ne) sy opposà ¢t.  The bill was passed without any opposition. The Heart of the Subjunctive This goes to the heart of the subjunctive  mood, which  is used to express actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain, such as will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity and judgment. The subjunctive can seem overwhelming, but the thing to remember is: the subjunctive subjectivity or  unreality. Use this mood enough and it will become second nature...and quite expressive. The French subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced by  que  or  qui, and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different. For example:      Je veux que tu le fasses.   I want you to do it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut que nous partions.   Ã‚  It is necessary that we leave. Dependent Clauses Take the Subjunctive When They: Contain verbs and expressions that express someones will, an  order, a need, a piece of advice or a desireContain verbs and expressions of emotion or feeling, such as fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise, or any other sentimentsContain verbs and expressions of doubt, possibility, supposition  and opinionContain verbs and expressions, such as  croire que  (to believe that),  dire que  (to say that),  espà ©rer que  (to hope that),  Ãƒ ªtre certain que (to be certain that),  il paraà ®t que  (it appears that),  penser que  (to think that),  savoir que  (to know that),  trouver que  (to find/think that) and  vouloir dire que (to mean that), which only require the subjunctive when the clause is  negative or interrogatory. They  do  not  take the subjunctive when they are used in the affirmative, because they express facts that are considered certain- at least in the speakers mind.Contain French  conjunctive phrases  (locutions conjonc tives), groups of two or more words that have the same function as a conjunction and imply supposition.   Contain the  negative pronouns  ne ... personne  or  ne ... rien, or the  indefinite pronouns  quelquun  or  quelque chose.Follow main clauses containing  superlatives. Note that in such cases,  the subjunctive is optional, depending on how concrete the speaker feels about what is being said.   Why Sans Que Takes the Subjunctive Sans que  is one of the conjunctive phrases (locutions conjonctives)  described in number 5, many of which are listed below. These require the subjunctive because they imply uncertainty and subjectivity; it is best to try to memorize them, although you can also decide according to the meaning of the tense.  Sans que  belongs to a subset of this category called opposition conjunctions, such as  bien que, sauf que, malgrà © que and others. These Conjunctive Phrases Take the Subjunctive condition que   provided that moins que  Ã‚  unless supposer que  Ã‚  assuming thatafin que  Ã‚  so thatavant que  Ã‚  beforebien que  Ã‚  althoughde crainte que  Ã‚  for fear thatde faà §on que  Ã‚  so that, in order that, in such a way thatde manià ¨re que  Ã‚  so thatde peur que  Ã‚  for fear thatde sorte que  Ã‚  so thaten admettant que  Ã‚  assuming thaten attendant que  Ã‚  while, untilencore que  Ã‚  even thoughjusqu ce que  Ã‚  untilpour que  Ã‚  so thatpourvu que  Ã‚  provided thatquoique  Ã‚  even thoughquoi que  Ã‚  whatever, no matter whatsans que  Ã‚  without AdditionalResources The French SubjunctiveFrench ConjunctionsThe Subjunctivator!Quiz: Subjunctive  or indicative?Expressions with  sans